A showcase of ten breakthrough innovations poised to reshape science, industry, and society. From a next-generation observatory hunting dark matter to AI systems transforming everything from web search to healthcare, these technologies were presented as the year’s top breakthroughs. Below is a comprehensive report in a journalistic style, with clear explanations, current developments, and potential challenges for each technology.

Table of Contents:

1. Vera Rubin Observatory and Dark Matter Research
2. Generative AI in Search Engines
3. Small Language Models (SLMs)
4. Cattle “Burping” Remedies (Methane Reduction)
5. Robo-Taxis
6. Cleaner Jet Fuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel)
7. Versatile AI-Powered Robots
8. Long-Acting HIV Prevention Medication
9. Green Steel
10. Effective Stem Cell Therapies